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      <h1 id="JVM-01-简介"><a href="#JVM-01-简介" class="headerlink" title="JVM-01-简介"></a>JVM-01-简介</h1><p>​    本系列将以当前默认的主流虚拟机HotSpot 为例，详细介绍 Java虚拟机。以 JDK1.7 为主，同时介绍与 JDK1.8 的不同之处，通过Oracle官网以及各种文献进行整理，并加以验证，力求保证这块知识的正确性，完整性。</p>
<p>以下是本系列博客参考的相关文档：</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>JDK规范</strong></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>JDK1.7虚拟机规范</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/index.html</a></p>
<ul>
<li>JDK1.8虚拟机规范</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/index.html</a></p>
<ol start="2">
<li>周志明老师：《深入理解Java虚拟机：JVM高级特性与最佳实践》</li>
</ol>
<ol start="3">
<li>陈涛老师：《HotSpot实战》</li>
</ol>
<ol start="4">
<li>Oracle Java SE 8 产品组件 ： <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/index.html</a></li>
</ol>
<a id="more"></a>



<h2 id="1-Oracle-Java-SE-8-产品组件"><a href="#1-Oracle-Java-SE-8-产品组件" class="headerlink" title="1. Oracle Java SE 8 产品组件"></a>1. Oracle Java SE 8 产品组件</h2><p><img src="http://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200514/220109551.png" alt="mark"></p>
<p><strong>通常来说Java平台标准版（Java SE）</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>包括Java Se开发工具包（JDK）</li>
<li>Java运行时环境（JRE）</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>JRE ： 提供了<em>运行</em>以Java编程语言编写的applet和应用程序所必需的库，Java虚拟机和其他组件</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>JDK : 包括了JRE以及编译器和调试器等命令行开发工具，可以用来开发Java应用程序 。</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-虚拟机"><a href="#2-虚拟机" class="headerlink" title="2. 虚拟机"></a>2. 虚拟机</h2><p>​    上图的最下一行Java虚拟机是被 JRE 所包含，我们在介绍Java虚拟机时，先了解虚拟机的概念。</p>
<p>所谓虚拟机，其实就是一台虚拟的机器，可以用来执行一系列虚拟的命令。</p>
<p><strong>大致上虚拟机可以分为两种：系统虚拟机和程序虚拟机。</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>系统虚拟机：是完全对物理计算机的仿真，可以说和一台真实的PC操作系统没什么区别。比如常用的 Vmare 以及 Visual Box 软件，通过这些软件能够模拟出具有完整硬件系统功能的、运行在一个完全隔离环境中的完整计算机系统。</li>
<li>程序虚拟机：专门为执行单个计算程序而产生，最典型的就是Java虚拟机，在Java虚拟机汇总执行字节码文件指令。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-Java-虚拟机"><a href="#3-Java-虚拟机" class="headerlink" title="3. Java 虚拟机"></a>3. Java 虚拟机</h2><p>了解了什么是虚拟机，我们再看什么是 Java虚拟机。</p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Java虚拟机可以看作是一台抽象的计算机，如同真实的计算机一样，他有自己的指令集和各种运行时的内存区域，</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>它与Java语言没有必然的联系。只和特定的二进制文件–class文件格式关联（字节码文件）。</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>其中可以通过Java语言或者其他编程语言产生class文件，然后在Java虚拟机上运行。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p> <strong>Java虚拟机有以下两个特点；</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>语言无关</strong> ：Java虚拟机只和class文件关联，所以只要你编写程序的语言能够编译成class文件，那么都能够在Java虚拟机上运行。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1120165/201807/1120165-20180721133224710-1719932704.png" alt="img"></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>平台无关</strong>：<ul>
<li>Java从诞生之初就宣传的一个口号：一次编写，到处运行</li>
<li>也就是说Java是一个跨平台的语言，那么Java是如何实现跨平台的呢？</li>
<li><strong>Java虚拟机就相当于操作系统和应用程序之间的中介</strong>，每种平台安装适应该平台的Java虚拟机，那么我们编写的程序当然能够在任意平台运行。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4-Java虚拟机的种类"><a href="#4-Java虚拟机的种类" class="headerlink" title="4. Java虚拟机的种类"></a>4. Java虚拟机的种类</h2><p><strong>商用虚拟机：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Sun HotSpot(最常用)</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>该虚拟机性能优越，是 sun JDK1.3 及以后所有 sun JDK 版本默认的虚拟机，使用最为广泛，本系列博客就是以这个虚拟机为平台进行介绍。</p>
<p><img src="http://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200514/221109891.png" alt="mark"></p>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>BEA JRockit</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>JRockit 虚拟机是 BEA 公司于 2002 年从 Appeal Virtual Machines 收购获得的虚拟机。它是一款面向服务器硬件和服务端使用场景高度优化过得虚拟机，曾经号称是“世界上速度最快的虚拟机”。由于专注于服务端应用，它的内部不包含解析器的实现，全部代码都靠即时编译器编译后执行。</p>
<ol start="3">
<li><strong>IBM J9</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>J9 虚拟机是 IBM 公司单独开发的高性能虚拟机，它并不独立出售，而是作为 IBM 公司各种产品的执行平台，IBM 把它定义为一个可以适应从嵌入式设备到大型企业级应用的、高可移植性的Java运行平台。</p>
<ol start="4">
<li><strong>Sun Classic</strong> </li>
</ol>
<p>这个虚拟机很原始，是 JDK1.0 时代使用的Java虚拟机，是各种虚拟机的鼻祖，它的内部不存在即时编译器，只能使用纯解释的方式运行。</p>
<ol start="5">
<li><strong>Sun Exact</strong> </li>
</ol>
<p>这是 Sun 公司在 HotSpot 之外的另一个虚拟机，在 JDK1.2 时代曾短暂的投入过商用，它和 HotSpot 同时开发，但最终被 HotSpot 取代。</p>
<ol start="6">
<li><strong>Apache Harmony</strong> </li>
</ol>
<p>Harmony 是 Apache 软件基金会主导的、开源的、独立的、实际兼容与 JDK1.5 和 JDK1.6的虚拟机实现，它间接催生了 Google Android 平台的 Dalvik 虚拟机，Android 的影响力现在有多大不用多说，目前已经是最成功的的数码设备通用平台。但是由于它的 TCK 授权问题，直接导致 Apache 与 Oracle 的决裂，从而退出了 JCP 组成，这是近代 Java 阵营遇到的最严重的分裂危机。</p>
<p><strong>嵌入式虚拟机</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Dalvik</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>Dalvik 虚拟机是 Google 等厂商合作开发的 Android 移动设备平台的核心组成部分之一，它执行dex(Dalvik Executable)文件而不是class文件，使用寄存器架构而不是栈架构。但是它的开发体系与Java有着千丝万缕的关系，可以直接使用大部分的 Java API、dex 文件可以直接从class文件转化而来。并且在 Android 2.2 中提供了即时编译器的实现，性能大大的提高。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><strong>KVM</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>在 Android、IOS 等智能手机操作系统出现之前，曾广泛应用于手机平台的一种虚拟机。</p>
<ol start="3">
<li><strong>CDC/CLDC HotSpot</strong></li>
</ol>
<p>　CDC和 CLDC HotSpot 分别是 Sun 针对高端嵌入式设备和中低端嵌入式设备的虚拟机，用来代替 KVM。</p>

      
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<div class="search-form-wrap">
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  <div id="local-search-result" class="local-search-result"></div>
</div>
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      <div id="mask"></div>

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    <div class="reward-item">
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<!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
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    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
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        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
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            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
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            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
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            <div class="pswp__caption">
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</div>

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            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
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                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
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                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
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                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script>



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  MathJax.Hub.Queue(function() {
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